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Act of March 3, 44 Stat. Relevant Provisions: Powers of the secretary of the interior; sale of allotments; alienation; determination of heirs. Amends slightly section 1 of the Act of June 25, , relating to the powers of the secretary of the interior to determine the heirs of deceased Indians and the disposition or sale of allotments.
Act of February 21, 46 Stat. Act of April 30, 48 Stat. Relevant Provisions: Powers of the secretary of the interior; determination of heirs; sale of allotments. Another amendment to section 1 of the Act of June 25, , relating to the powers of the secretary of the interior to determine the heirs of deceased Indian allottees and the disposition or sale of allotments.
Indian Reorganization Act current amended version as codified in Title Relevant Provisions: Trust periods; surplus land; sale of allotments; alienation; public domain allotments; devise and descent; tax exemption; tribal governments. Act of June 11, 54 Stat. Gives the secretary of the interior the authority to reimburse Indian landowners for taxes paid on allotted lands that were patented in fee prior to the expiration of the period of trust without application by or consent of the patentee.
Act of November 24, 56 Stat. States that if an Indian allottee dies without heirs, his or her land or interest, and the accumulated rents, issues and profits held in trust for the decedent, shall escheat to the tribe owning the land at the time of allotment.
Act of August 9, 69 Stat. Authorizes the secretary of the interior to lease allotted lands for mining purposes where the allottee is deceased and the heirs to or devisees of any interest in the allotment either have not been determined or cannot be located.
The information in this section revolves around the Indian Land Consolidation Act of and its amendments. These pieces of legislation are important attempts by the federal government to address the effects of allotment and to prevent the further fractionation of Indian land title.
The Court held that this provision is unconstitutional. View Court Case Link here. Indian Land Consolidation Acts and Amendments. The Court held that section of the amended Indian Land Consolidation Act that forced escheat of certain individually-owned Indian property to a tribe is unconstitutional.
Among many other items not directly related to allotment, amends the Indian Land Consolidation Act to authorize the Cherokee Nation to accept less than 10 percent of the appraised market value in the sale of their lands used as home sites.
In the absence of tribal probate codes, this act provides uniform rules for descent and distribution of interests in Indian lands. To prevent Indian lands from passing out of trust, non-Indian heirs will only receive a life estate in Indian lands a life estate is property that belongs to a person for their lifetime, but cannot be sold or passed on to anyone else until after the death of the person.
If there are no such heirs, the remainder may be purchased by any Indian co-owner of the parcel. If no offer is made to purchase the parcel, the remainder interest passes to the tribe. The rules are applicable to both testate with a will and intestate no will Indian estates. The amendments provide an exception in cases where Indian owners of trust land may not have an Indian heir and the general rule would deprive them of the ability to devise more than a life estate to any of their heirs.
They may devise an interest to either their heirs of the first or second degree or collateral heirs of the first or second degree. Because these people are non-Indian, the interest would pass in fee, not in trust. These interests may also be purchased by the tribe. American Indian Probate Reform Act of Listed below are brief summaries of important U.
Supreme Court cases related to allotment and Indian land tenure. Click on the case name link to read the full text of court decisions after Navajo Nation Navajo II. Navajo Nation Navajo I. Leech Lake Band of Chippewa Indians.
Yankton Sioux Tribe. Confederated Tribes and Bands of Yakima Nation. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians. United States. Sioux Nation of Indians. Suquamish Indian Tribe. Historical treaties with the United States continue to affirm the inherent sovereignty of American Indian nations today as tribal governments maintain nation-to-nation relationships with the federal government.
Below is a collection of links to American Indian treaty resources. Charles J. While some tribes were allotted under the General Allotment Act of , others were allotted through treaty or tribe-, state-, or reservation-specific legislation. The interactive map above shows each tribe-reservation that was allotted, the specific allotting legislation, and the number of allotments made until when further allotments were prohibited.
Click on a Bureau of Indian Affairs BIA region on the map to access allotment information for a specific tribe or reservation or click on the name of the region below the map. The updated American Indian History Timeline illustrates events, policies, legislation and laws relating to Indian land tenure from to the present.
Suitable for hanging on a wall, the timeline was recently redesigned to make it easier to read. Discounts are available on orders of five or more. To order a timeline, please email info iltf. Click here to view the American Indian History Timeline. Please note: Due to its large size, the timeline cannot be printed directly from this website. Skip to content Faq Contact. Toggle navigation. Issues History. Land Tenure History Key factors that have shaped U. History of Allotment The U.
Why Allotment? Lethal gas was adopted by Nevada in as a more humane method of carrying Following the Russian rejection of a Japanese plan to divide Manchuria and Korea into spheres of influence, Japan launches a surprise naval attack against Port Arthur, a Russian naval base in China. The Russian fleet was decimated. During the subsequent Russo-Japanese War, Japan The reign of Peter, who became sole czar in , was characterized by a series of sweeping military, political, economic, and cultural reforms based on Western European Sign up now to learn about This Day in History straight from your inbox.
In , while just six days old, Mary ascended to the Scottish throne upon the death of her father, King James V. On February 8, , Japanese troops evacuate Guadalcanal, leaving the island in Allied possession after a prolonged campaign.
The American victory paved the way for other Allied wins in the Solomon Islands. Guadalcanal is the largest of the Solomons, a group of islands and In a period when the American pop charts were dominated by cookie-cutter teen idols and novelty acts, he stood out as an all-too-rare example They were unused to managing money.
Few contemporary historians would judge the allotment policy of acts like the Dawes Act, successful. Toggle navigation History Timeline.
Pre - - - - - - - - - - Present. The Dawes Act.
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