The development of symmetry, rigidity and anchorage in the structural root system of conifers. Plant and Soil 1— Nicoll, B. Does steep terrain influence tree stability? A field investigation.
Canadian Journal of Forest Research — The architecture of Picea sitchensis structural root systems on horizontal and sloping terrain. Trees — Structure and Function — Norris, J. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Stokes, A. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences Vol. Tobin, B. Remember Me! Don't have account, Join Here. Forgot Password Lost your password?
Ask A Question. Slopes excavated for highway project. Contents: 1. Slope Stabilization Methods and Classification 1. Construction Techniques of Slope Stabilization 2. Rock bolts installed to improve the stability of slope. Shotcrete application in slope stablization.
Mesh secured by bolts to arrest falling rock blocks. Caution signals in rock fall locations. Concrete walls with weep-holes. What are the active and passive methods of slope stabilization? What are the conditions required for the selection of a stabilization technique? Previous article. Next article. If erosion control is ignored on larger areas of nearly flat or gently sloping land, it will be possible for significant amounts of soil to be eroded. Clearing, grading, and vegetative restabilization in these areas can be timed so that the extent of exposed area and the duration of exposure is minimized.
These areas require prompt vegetative restabilization. Temporary seeding or mulching is required where larger areas will not be permanently stabilized within recommended time limits. Diversions, sediment barriers, or traps constructed on the lower side of large disturbed areas should be used to intercept and collect sediment. Right-of-ways and parking areas that are being prepared for paving must be protected from rainfall and runoff.
Control measures include: Divert runoff to protect these areas before clearing and grading begins. Properly compact the exposed surface area to reduce erosion potential. Use crushed aggregate or temporary seeding to reduce erosion.
Gravel or stone filter berms should be used at intervals along a right-of-way to intercept runoff and direct it to stabilized areas, drainageways, or enclosed drainage system inlets. Construction Areas and Eroding Areas Types of plantings When erosion or sediment control is of primary and immediate concern, these areas are usually initially stabilized by seeding grass cover. When necessary, the site should be prepared by seeding temporary vegetative cover.
Jute netting or anchored mulch should be used in conjunction with seeding at critical locations where water concentrates. Seeding mixtures When dense plant cover is needed for erosion and sediment control, or for appearances, seedings of enduring herbaceous species should be used.
See the Permanent Seeding and Temporary Seeding practices. One-half to one bushel of oats, or 1 to 1 1. Design Recommendations Cut or fill slopes which are to be vegetated should not be steeper than 2 horizontal to 1 vertical. If a slope is to be mowed, it should be 3: 1 or flatter. Slopes of materials not to be vegetated should be at the safe angle of repose for the materials encountered. Slopes are often a natural part of the landscape and thus construction of roads and buildings near them is necessary in many regions.
Problems arise when the slopes experience a shifting in soil, as this can destabilize structures at the tops of hills or damage and block up structures at the bottom. We record common types of slope stabilization methods here that you may employ whenever you run into construction projects where you need to consider slopes. The weakening of slopes may at times be due primarily to water that runs down them. In an area where heavy precipitation is to be expected, it is possible that the soil may be loosened up enough for significant portions of the slope to slide down.
Groundwater may also have a similar effect from underneath the surface when it is present in excessive amounts.
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