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World War II. Art, Literature, and Film History. Great Britain. Space Exploration. Sign Up. World War I. Vietnam War. The defeat of a Spanish invasion force in was a moment of great patriotic pride for Elizabethan England.
In reality, the Armada was doomed for a whole host of reasons, only some of them the work of the English. King Philip II of Spain had a poor understanding of the limitations his scheme faced. Believing that God was on his side, he originally planned to send his fleet out in winter without worrying about the weather.
A previous incident when English ships fled a fight led him to consider the English sailors spineless when in fact these had been English supply vessels whose contract with the French was to transport goods, not make war.
Blockading traffic up and down the coast, he disrupted the preparations so severely that the invasion had to be postponed. Originally due to set sail in the winter of , it was put off until His death in the winter of left the Armada without one of its most skilled leaders. Some even said that he died because of the Armada, his heart breaking from the certainty that it would fail.
Santa Cruz was replaced by the Duke of Medina Sidonia. While not the worst of commanders, Medina Sidonia had not been selected for his skills as an admiral, but because his noble birth gave him the authority to command the Spaniards serving under him.
The Prince of Parma, assembling the army of invasion in the Low Countries, struggled to gather the soldiers he needed.
Lack of funds limited the troops he could recruit locally. Many among the forces coming from Spain died on the long march to Holland. Bad weather and poor nutrition took more men out of the equation. On top of this, the rush to recruit in time for the Armada meant that many men had not served in the colonies, the method Spain used to harden its fighting men. The first visual representations of the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Download: Lesson pack Related resources Elizabethan propaganda How did England try to show Spain planned to invade in ?
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Did God really help the English defeat the Spanish Armada? Tasks 1. This is an extract from a letter to the English government which gives details about the progress of the Armada. How useful do you think this information would be to the English government? Why were there more soldiers than sailors? How do you think the news that the Spanish Armada had been sighted was able to reach Lord Howard so quickly when he was at Plymouth, over a hundred miles away?
Why do you think Howard complained to Walsingham about the wind? What made it strong? The dates mentioned in this account are based on an old calendar which is slightly different from the one we use now. These events took place at the end of July and first week of August according to our calendar. According to Hawkins, what was the main problem for the English fleet in the battle near Portland? Does Hawkins think that the English have a chance to beat the Spanish Armada?
What is causing the biggest problem to the Spanish ships?
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